Answer:
<u>Option-(D):</u>Alternative scientific theories are suppressed by the science establishment.
Explanation:
<u>Theory of Evolution:</u>
"The theory of evolution states that, there is a process of change which occurs inside the living organism's heritable, physical and behavioral traits over the years or mostly it occurs in a series of generation".
- As, there were many other theories that were presented and research was carried out on them in order to increase the level of education regarding the term "evolution".
- The alternative theories had no such experimental grounds to prove their worth and authenticity leading them to be suppressed by the Darwin theory of evolution.
<h2>Cell Cycle
</h2>
Explanation:
Eukaryotes grow and divide by cell cycle.
The main parts of a cell cycle are an ordered series of events – Gap 1 or G1 phase, Synthesis or S phase, Gap 2 or G2 phase, and the mitosis or M phases.
Interphase period (G1, S, G2 phases) - cell grows by size, duplicates its content, replicates its DNA, and finally prepares for mitotic cell division
.
Mitosis and cytokinesis - formation of two identical daughter cells
Cell cycle is regulated by regulatory or restrictive checkpoints in the cell cycle which are activated with detection of a defective DNA.
Proliferation of undesired or cells with defective DNA like in case of tumor cells is controlled by the action of suppressing agents like p53 and cyclins.
The tumor suppressor gene protein p53 prohibits division of tumor cells. Cyclins regulate cell cycle by activation of the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase.
The correct response in this case would be denature, the enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction if there is an abnormally high change in the pH or the temperature.
The group of organisms that occupy the second trophic level of an ecosystem is the herbivores
