Answer:
Antibiotic resistance continues to become worse, despite the ever-increasing resources devoted to combat the problem. One of the most important factors in the development of resistance to antibiotics is the remarkable ability of bacteria to share genetic resources via Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT).
LGT occurs on a global scale, such that in theory, any gene in any organism anywhere in the microbial biosphere might be mobilized and spread. With sufficiently strong selection, any gene may spread to a point where it establishes a global presence. From an antibiotic resistance perspective, this means that a resistance phenotype can appear in a diverse range of infections around the globe nearly simultaneously. We discuss the forces and agents that make this LGT possible and argue that the problem of resistance can ultimately only be managed by understanding the problem from a broad ecological and evolutionary perspective. We also argue that human activities are exacerbating the problem by increasing the tempo of LGT and bacterial evolution for many traits that are important to humans.
Answer: Diffusion
Explanation
Diffusion refers to the process that describes the movement of fluid from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is the opposite of diffusion and refers to the movememnt of low concentrations to high.
Answer:
How can you determine experimentally whether a bacterium is a psychrophile or a mesophile? incubate two cultures, one around 10°C and the other around 35°C. If it grows in the lower temperature incubator, it is a psychrophile. If it grows in the higher temperature incubator, it is a mesophile.
Explanation:
Actually, it is both acquired and part of your DNA. There is a logical <span>explanation but you have to figure that out on your own.</span>
Answer:
This suggests that the moustache is a releaser for aggression.
Explanation:
<em>Fixed action patterns</em> are instinctive programmed responses in different species that are triggered by a specific external sensory stimulus. These stimuli are called sign stimuli or releaser. When the sign occurs, the animal starts a sequence of acts in response to the stimulus and continuous until the series of actions is completed.
The black feathers resembling a mustache in a <em>Northern flickers</em> male are an external sensory stimulus. This trait that can provoke another male to respond aggressively, as a f<em>ixed action pattern</em>.
This trait might be considered as an <em>unconditioned stimulus</em>, which <em>provokes an unlearned or reflex reaction</em>. These aggressive responses are triggered by reflex.
