The answer is False.
Although, there are some evidence that suggests that species from million years ago possessed both gills and lungs. For example is the Acanthostega Gunnari, one of the oldest species discovered with four limbs. The creature is a salamander-like creature found in Greenland hundreds of million years ago. Although the specie can walk on land but the finding characterized the creature primarily as a fish.
No, cladograms deal with living species.
Well I'm not exactly certain where the teacher is going with this, but an often used example is red blood cells (RBCs) aka: erythrocytes.
RBCs are suspended in blood plasma as they flood through vessels around and around the body, so the osmolarity (amount of small particles that affect osmosis) must remain relatively constant. This is termed "isotonic", meaning the same amount of osmosis-influencing particles that are there inside the RBCs' cytosol, within their plasma membranes.
If the plasma osmolarity get too high, called hypertonic (as with extra salt particles) then water inside the RBCs will have an osmotic force driving it out of the cells' membranes, to flow where there are more salt particles. This will lead to cell shrinkage (called "crenation").
Counter to that, if the plasma osmolarity gets too low, as due to low plasma salt with excessive water intake (for example from the condition "water intoxication"), then the plasma will be hypotonic with respect to the intracellular cytosol concentration. This can result in water rushing into the RBCs' membranes via osmosis, causing the cells to swell from discs into spheres (balls), or even rupture and burst (a phenomenon called "hemolysis").
HOPE THOSE EXAMPLES HELP!!
When infected by a virus, a host cell produce many thousands of identical copies of the original virus. so the answer is B
hope this helps:)
