Answer:
The war swept away the German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires and created a string of new states, arbitrary borders, and simmering disputes from the Baltic Sea to the Persian Gulf. The European victors – France, Italy, and Great Britain – were financially exhausted and politically spent.
Explanation:
Answer:
The Asiento, the official contract for trading in slaves in the vast Spanish territories was a major engine of the Atlantic slave trade. When Spain first enslaved Native Americans on Hispaniola, and then replaced them with captive Africans, it established unfree labor as the basis for colonial mass-production.
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Answer:
Individual cases can be misleading and result in false generalizations.
Explanation:
One of the major limitation of case study research method is that individual cases cannot be generalized to a wider population and some cases are subjective, which can lead to false generalization. Other limitations are:
Case studies cannot be replicated,
There is a potential risk for researcher bias in case studies, in that the researcher's own beliefs can influence the way the data are collected and analysed,
Qualitative data depend to a large extent on people's perceptions and memory. The reliance on memory when reconstructing the case history could be subject to distortion.
Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
→ she didn't want to go to school, made up an excuse and even got a prize for it (breakfast)
Primary reinforcement is a reinforcement that does not depend on previous learning (conditioning). They are generally used to meet basic needs, such as water and food. Its relationship was established based on phylogenesis.
→ she was afraid to go to school and made up an excuse
Reinforcement, or reinforcing stimulus, for behaviorism is the consequence of behavior that makes it more likely. The reinforcement can be positive (through the addition of a stimulus) or negative (through the removal of a stimulus).
