When you think of a channel think of trade. Or boats going up and down a stream, a channel is a body of water.
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It is called the fertile crescent because of it's close proximity to many water sources. The abundant source of fresh water caused the soil to be unusually fertile for the area and allowed for farming.
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The Minoan civilization began to weaken around 1450 BC. Archeologists think this might have been due to a natural disaster such as an earthquake. The Mycenaeans took over the islands of the Minoans and adopted much of the Minoan culture. They adapted the writing of the Minoans to their own language.