For the answer to the question above asking to m<span>ake a place value drawing of a number that has doubled the number of tens as ones and 3 times the number of thousands then hundreds</span>
I think the answer to this question is 6,622
Distributionally robust stochastic programs with side information based on trimmings
This is a research paper whose authors are Adrián Esteban-Pérez and Juan M. Morales.
Abstract:
- We look at stochastic programmes that are conditional on some covariate information, where the only knowledge of the possible relationship between the unknown parameters and the covariates is a limited data sample of their joint distribution. We build a data-driven Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) framework to hedge the decision against the inherent error in the process of inferring conditional information from limited joint data by leveraging the close relationship between the notion of trimmings of a probability measure and the partial mass transportation problem.
- We demonstrate that our technique is computationally as tractable as the usual (no side information) Wasserstein-metric-based DRO and provides performance guarantees. Furthermore, our DRO framework may be easily applied to data-driven decision-making issues involving tainted samples. Finally, using a single-item newsvendor problem and a portfolio allocation problem with side information, the theoretical findings are presented.
Conclusions:
- We used the relationship between probability reductions and partial mass transit in this study to give a straightforward, yet powerful and creative technique to expand the usual Wasserstein-metric-based DRO to the situation of conditional stochastic programming. In the process of inferring the conditional probability measure of the random parameters from a limited sample drawn from the genuine joint data-generating distribution, our technique generates judgments that are distributionally resilient to uncertainty. In a series of numerical tests based on the single-item newsvendor issue and a portfolio allocation problem, we proved that our strategy achieves much higher out-of-sample performance than several current options. We backed up these actual findings with theoretical analysis, demonstrating that our strategy had appealing performance guarantees.
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The events are independent. By definition, it means that knowledge about one event does not help you predict the second, and this is the case: even if you knew that you rolled an even number on the first cube, would you be more or less confident about rolling a six on the second? No.
An example in which two events about rolling cubes are dependent could be something like:
Event A: You roll the first cube
Event B: The second cube returns a higher number than the first one.
In this case, knowledge on event A does change you view on event B (and vice versa): if you know that you rolled a 6 on the first cube you don't want to bet on event B, while if you know that you rolled a 1 on the first cube, you're certain that event B will happen.
Conversely, if you know that event B has happened, you are more likely to think that the first cube rolled a small number, and vice versa.
Answer:
(4,-2.5)
Step-by-step explanation:
first one is x cordination...it is under the 4
second one is Y cordination..its between -2 and -3
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