Answer:
A. They often compare information from all over the world.
Answer:
can be caused by interaction with MHC/peptide in the absence of costimulation
Explanation:
T cells represent a class of white blood cells (lymphocytes) that have a major role in the adaptive immunity of the organism against specific pathogens. Peripheral tolerance is a type of immunological tolerance aimed at ensuring B and T cells that escaped from the central tolerance mechanism do not produce autoimmune diseases. Some populations of lymph node cells can induce peripheral tolerance in T helper cells (Th cells, CD4+ cells) by the presentation of peptide-MHCII (major histocompatibility complex type II) complexes acquired from dendritic cells. These dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in adaptive immunity, which are well-known to induce CD4 and CD8 T cell tolerance in response to antigens (peptides/proteins).
Answer;
-Positive charge
Prior to the arrival of a signal from a presynaptic input, the post-synaptic membrane is polar with a greater relative positive charge to the ECF
Explanation;
-Neurons talk to each other across synapses. In somatic neurons, an action potential arrives at the synapse causing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane. The pre-synaptic membrane releases acetyl choline via exocytosis into the extracellular of the synaptic cleft.
-The ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds to the ligand-regulated sodium channels. Activated sodium channels allow a rapid diffusion down its electrochemical gradient towards the ICF. The movement of positive charges to the ICT causes the relative charge across the membrane to become positive on the inner surface.
They both follow a pattern of semi conservative replication
The first level of organization are living cells
