During the 20th Century a liberal revolutionary intellectual emerged,united with vision which was to overthrown ottoman ruler Abdul Hamid and reinstate the constitution.
This they were able to achieve and a constitutional government was successfully instated in the year 1908.
During the time period 1939-1945 Churchill was the Prime Minster of Britain and he is mostly likely referring to the leader of Germany, Hitler because of his aggression and annexation of country's around him.