Question

Suppose that the botanist carried out the test cross described in Parts A and B and determined that the original green-pod plant was heterozygous (Gg). Which of Mendel’s findings does her test cross illustrate?
a. law of independent assortment
b. linkage
c. chromosome theory of inheritance
d. law of segregation

Answer 1

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Mendel was attributed for discovering the principles that governs heredity in his experiments. One of these principles was that he discovered that versions of a gene called allele, randomly separate into gametes during gamete formation. It occurs in a way that only one of the alleles is present in the gamete (sperm or egg). He called this principle LAW OF SEGREGATION. The gametes then fuse to produce an organism with the genotype consisting of the allelic combination in the gametes.

This example depicts a test cross where a dominant phenotype is crossed with a recessive genotype in order to ascertain the genotype of the dominant organism. Irrespective of the phenotype, the alleles of the gene contained in the individual organisms separate in equal proportions into the gametes. The phenotypic ratio will be 1:1 i.e. dominant to recessive, if the dominant organism is genotypically HETEROZYGOUS. This shows that separation of alleles occurred for the two recessive alleles to combine in gametes during fertilization to yield a recessive trait in the organism.