Answer:
1) An origin of replication.
2) A selectable marker (e.g., a gene encoding antibiotic resistance).
Others are not necessary.
Explanation: In genetic engineering, three (3) things are responsible for manipulating nucleic acids, they are: plasmid, an origin of replication, and a selectable marker.
It polymerizes RNA by reading on the strands of DNA
You have to calculate the length of the incline by the height of the incline.
Ex: An incline with the length of 8 and the height of 4 the mechanical advantage is 4
As temperatures rose, the adaptations against the cold that the woolly mammoths had became disadvantageous, causing them to die out.