Answer:
d
Explanation:
A good has positive externality if the benefits to third parties not involved in production is greater than the cost. an example of an activity that generates positive externality is research and development. Due to the high cost of R & D, they are usually under-produced. Government can encourage the production of activities that generate positive externality by granting subsidies.
A good has negative externality if the costs to third parties not involved in production is greater than the benefits. an example of an activity that generates negative externality is pollution. Pollution can be generated at little or no cost, so they are usually overproduced. Government can discourage the production of activities that generate negative externality by taxation. Taxation increases the cost of production and therefore discourages overproduction. Tax levied on externality is known as Pigouvian tax.
Government can regulate the amount of externality produced by placing an upper limit on the amount of negative externality permissible
Coase theorem has been proposed as a solution to externality. According to this theory, when there are conflicting property rights, bargaining between parties involved can lead to an efficient outcome only if the bargaining cost is low
Another solution to negative externality is through the activities of charities. Charities can raise donations to limit or regulate the activities of firms that constitutes a negative externality.
Answer: $1,750
Explanation:
Incurring a health insurance cost of $5,000 or increasing salaries by $5,000 will have the same effect on the taxes because they will both be removed from the income before the taxes are calculated.
The reduction in tax in either case is:
= Expense * Tax rate
= 5,000 * 35%
= $1,750
Answer:
Low betas.
Explanation:
Low beta stocks are considered to be less risky, and usually they also offer low returns. The risk of losing capital in this type of investment is very low. This type of investment is ideal for people that are risk adverse and prefer to maintain their capital even at low returns.
On the other hand the higher the beta the higher the risk, and it also comes with higher returns on investment.
Because the needs for household goods and food are always constant, the companies that supply them tend to have stock that are low beta.
Answer:
Budget expenditure part
B.H. No. Budget heads Annual Appropriation of Budget
22311 Office expenses 58,000
22121 Rental charges 30,000
22711 Miscellaneous expenses 11,000
29311 Furniture 1,50,000
Answer:
401 retairement plan
Explanation:
A 401(k) is a retirement plan based on savings with the contribution of the employer. The contribution made by the employer and portion of the wage that is saved is collected before taxes.
