Answer:
There were many tools during the Age of Exploration that was used by the Europeans. These include, but are not limited too:
<u>Compass:</u> The Compass was created by taking advantage of the magnetic north & south poles. Depending on which side you face, your compass will point towards the magnetic pole, showing you which direction you are facing.
<u>Astrolabe:</u> The Astrolabe was used to help determine the latitude the in which the ship was at. This helps pinpoint their distance, and can help them find out how fast they have been going since previous read, as well as how far away they are from land/destination/etc.
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If you are talking about the first air pollution problem its is A, almost about 100 years ago.
1955
This was a big deal because it introduced the concepts of limited government, rule of law, and due process. It also helped create the nation's Parliament (kind of like Congress in the U.S.). The Magna Carta was a government document that limited the power of the king of England and protected the rights of the nobility.
To say that authority is <em>broadly accepted.</em>