Answer:
When sulfurous, sulfuric, and nitric acids in polluted air and rain react with the calcite in marble and limestone, the calcite dissolves. In exposed areas of buildings and statues, we see roughened surfaces, removal of material, and loss of carved details. Stone surface material may be lost all over or only in spots that are more reactive.
Explanation:
You might expect that sheltered areas of stone buildings and monuments would not be affected by acid precipitation. However, sheltered areas on limestone and marble buildings and monuments show blackened crusts that have peeled off in some places, revealing crumbling stone beneath. This black crust is primarily composed of gypsum, a mineral that forms from the reaction between calcite, water, and sulfuric acid. Gypsum is soluble in water; although it can form anywhere on carbonate stone surfaces that are exposed to sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), it is usually washed away. It remains only on protected surfaces that are not directly washed by the rain.
Answer:
Moving against the concentration gradient, or in simpler terms, moving from a low-concentration area to a high-concentration area.
Explanation:
This action uses energy, as according to entropy, the substance will move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, and cells have to put extra energy to pump the molecules / substance up the concentration gradient.
It is mostly used to trigger chemical responses in cells, like in neuron synapses.
Hope this helped!
Answer:
ADP - net input
glucose - net input
ATP - net output
O2 - not input or output
CO2 - not input or output
NAD - net input
NADH - net output
Coenzyme A - not input or output
Pyruvate - net output
acetyl CoA - not input or output
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the breaking down of glucose. Glycolysis produces pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water.
The net reaction can be written as:
Glucose+2NAD + 2ADP +2Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2NADH + 2H
NAD is reduced to NADH
ATP is produced by addition of Pi to ADP (this is known as phosphorylation). Pi is inorganic phosphorous.