Answer:
miR-223 inhibits the expression of the fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene, and thereby ESCs cells maintain their undifferentiated state
.
Explanation:
Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) are molecules that regulate gene expression, thereby playing important biological functions in cell differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, etc. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of ncRNAs capable of controlling gene expression patterns by regulating mRNA stability and by suppressing their translation into proteins. It has been shown that miRNAs function by imperfectly base-pairing with the 3′ UTR of target mRNAs (Pillai et al. 2005).
Citation:
R. S. Pillai, S. N. Bhattacharyya, C. G. Artus, T. Zoller, et al. (2005). Inhibition of translational initiation by Let-7 MicroRNA in human cells. Science, 309(5740), 1573-1576.
In order for the body to make the copied code, RNA polymerases enzymes are needed to be in placement for that to happen.
If we name the gene for freckles with F, then the genotypes for having freckles are Ff (heterozygous), FF (dominant homozygous) and for no freckles ff (recessive homozygous).
If we name the gene for nose shape with N, than the genotypes for broad noses are NN (dominant homozygous) and Nn (heterozygous) and for narrow noses nn (recessive homozygous). A cross between two heterozygous:
P: FfNn x FfNn
F1:
9/16 are with freckles and broad noses
3/16 are with freckles and narrow noses
3/16 are with no freckles and broad noses
1/16 are with no freckles and narrow noses.
The average is 3.4 minutes
