An atom consists of an atomic nucleus composed of positively charged protons and neutral or uncharged neutrons.
Answer:
Presence of chlorophyll pigment in the leaves and cell walls were made of cellulose
Explanation:
The first plants that appeared on the land areas were comprised of the main component known as the cellulose that forms the cell wall of the plants and is responsible for making the various parts of plants such as branches, plant stems, and leaves, stronger and supportive.
In addition to this, the leaves of these primitive plants were comprised of green pigments known as chlorophyll that absorbs the sunlight and CO₂, and helps the plants in preparing the food for themselves as well as for the consumers, and also liberates oxygen (O₂) with it.
Thus, these are the two common characteristics that supported the idea that the primitive land plants had a relation with the green algae.
Numerous degenerative neurological conditions, most notably Parkinson's disease, have been linked to an excessive buildup of alpha synuclein (a-syn) in the brain. Intraneuronal inclusions, often known as Lewy bodies, are neuropathological characteristics seen in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and other synucleopathies. The aggregation of a-syn is their main structural component. A-syn accumulation, aggregation, and ensuing Lewy body formation can be attributed to a variety of biological processes. These include genetic changes in parkin, synuclein, or the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1), which results in less efficient removal of a-syn via the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway (UPP). Additionally, environmental variables and an age-related decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms that heighten oxidative stress and can have an impact on the formation or clearance of a-syn are intracellular insults.
We focused on changes in the aggregation and clearance of a-syn as impacted by the UPP and the oxidative stress pathways in our dynamic models of a-syn processing in both normal and various disease states. A free radical profile similar to that observed in vivo after exposure to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is produced during simulation of enhanced oxidative stress (MPTP). To replicate the kinetics of a-syn that correlates to the neuropathology reported for the sporadic and hereditary types of Parkinson's disease, different model parameters of oxidative stress, UPP failure, or both routes are used. With the use of this in silico model, it is possible to evaluate the kinetics of pathway elements and more accurately identify and validate key pharmaceutical targets.
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hormons. hormones are released from glands and they all belong to the endocrine system.
An organism that contains foreign DNA, which was inserted into its own genetic material, is called transgenic.
