The company's external equity comes from those funds raised from public issuance of shares or rights. The cost of external equity is the minimum rate of return which the shareholders supply new funds <span>by </span>purchasing<span> new shares to prevent the decline of the market value of the shares. To compute the cost of external equity, we should use this formula:</span> 
Ke<span> = (DIV 1 / Po) + g</span> 
Ke<span> = cost of external equity</span> 
DIV 1 = dividend to be paid next year 
Po = market price of share 
g = growth rate 
In the problem, the estimated dividend to be paid next year is $1.50. The market price is $18.50 and the growth rate is 4%. 
<span>Substituting the given to the formulas, we need to divide $1.50 by $18.50 giving us the result of 8.11% plus the growth rate; this would yield to the result of 12.11% cost of external equity.</span>
 
        
             
        
        
        
Housing insurance and food stamps   I think?
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
No adjusting entry required
Explanation:
When the contract was formed and advance was received the company must had recorded the following entry:
Dr Cash Account    $5000
Cr Unearned Revenue $5000
Now it is the year end and till now the goods are not delivered which means advance that was received is still our unearned revenue So no further entry is required until the delivery of the goods ordered to the customer. 
Correct entry is "No adjusting entry required"
 
        
             
        
        
        
The industry's progress was confronted with a tough attitude of trade unions which had taken strength after the war. 
The strategy adopted was the struggle for wage increases and the conservation of a monopoly power, which in many cases affected the introduction of technical improvements.
At that time, international sectoral trade unions and multinational corporations negotiate international framework agreements that allowed for Labour advancement.
It should also be noted that from the creation of the International Workers Association (IWA), the First World Trade union centre of the working class, the right to strike is recognised as one of the fundamental rights of the individual.Since then, representatives of workers from different countries jointly deal with the social problems that concerned them.