Step  1  :
Equation at the end of step  1  :
  108 -  3x2
Step  2  :
Step  3  :
Pulling out like terms :
 3.1     Pull out like factors :
   108 - 3x2  =   -3 • (x2 - 36)  
Trying to factor as a Difference of Squares :
 3.2      Factoring:  x2 - 36  
Theory : A difference of two perfect squares,  A2 - B2  can be factored into  (A+B) • (A-B)
Proof :  (A+B) • (A-B) =
         A2 - AB + BA - B2 =
         A2 - AB + AB - B2 =  
         A2 - B2
Note :  AB = BA is the commutative property of multiplication.  
Note :  - AB + AB equals zero and is therefore eliminated from the expression.
Check : 36 is the square of 6
Check :  x2  is the square of  x1  
Factorization is :       (x + 6)  •  (x - 6)  
Final result :
  -3 • (x + 6) • (x - 6)