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pochemuha
3 years ago
12

Explain the basic steps in the first half of photosynthesis (light-dependent reactions). Describe the movement of electrons and

the importance of hydrogen ions in developing a proton gradient that allows for ATP production.
Biology
1 answer:
Cerrena [4.2K]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food in the presence of sunlight by utilizing carbon-dioxide and water and produces oxygen and energy.

The process of photosynthesis has two types of reactions: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in which plants use light energy to form ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH.

In this reaction, photosystem II (P700) absorbs lights energy and passed it to reaction center. this energy is then is transferred to photosystem I (P680), that pump an electron to a high energy level. The high-energy electron then travel to an electron transport chain and releases energy. this released energy pump H+  ions into the thylakoid interior from the stroma and build a gradient  H+ ions move through gradient and they pass through ATP synthase resulting in the formation of ATP.

The higher energy electron as moves into an electron transport chain, the electron is passed to NADP+ to form NADPH.

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Answer:

1. DNA

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Explanation:

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA hold all the instructions that make up an organism. It determines the physical structure and even the function of the different cells that make up all organisms.

The DNA are all stored in the NUCLEUS of cells. Typically, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus except red blood cells. The nucleus has a nuclear envelope that keeps the DNA stored inside but it has nuclear pores that allows it to interact with the cytoplasm.

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Transcription is done within the nucleus. Before the cell can understand what to do with DNA, mRNA transcribes to know what information it needs to produce specidic proteins.

Once transcription is done, it will then bring the information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the viscous gel-like solution that holds the organelles of the cell. In the cytoplasm you have ribsomes.

Ribosomes is where protein synthesis takes place, this is why it is called the protein factory of the cell. It is a molecule that is made up of ribosomal RNA, which direct the chemical processes involved in protein synthesis. For protein synthesis to happen, it will need another type of RNA, which is the tRNA.

tRNA is transfer RNA and they translate the mRNA sequence into proteins. tRNA have amino acids attached to it.

Each 3 bases of the mRNA are collectively known as codons. These codons correspond with specific  tRNA that hold the anticodons. These anticodons code for specific amino acids that they also hold.

When they pair up, the tRNA drop off the amino acid which form a chain with the other tRNA amino acids that complete the code. These chain of monomers then make the protein specific to the DNA code that was copied in the beginning.

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