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Leigh's disease is a mitochondrially inherited disease with symptoms that include seizures, fatigue, impaired reflexes, breathin

Ahat [919]

About the question:

You will find the pedigree in the attached files

Answer:

individual 4 → Affected woman → Black circle
individual 5 → Affected woman or man → Black circle or square
individual 7 → Healthy woman → Empty circle
individual 10 → Affected boy → Black Square

Explanation:

Mitochondrial inheritance is the transmission of a disease or a trait from the maternal line.

Most of the DNI is in the nucleus, but there is also DNI in mitochondria. Sperm cells hardly transfer mitochondrial genes to the progeny, so mitochondrial DNI is mostly inherited from the maternal side. If there exists any mutation in this mitochondrial DNI, the whole progeny of the mutated woman will be affected, as they will get the mother genotype carrying the mutation. On the contrary, if an affected man is carrying a mutation in mitochondrial DNI, non of their descendants will get the disease.

Before answering the question, let us remember the pedigree symbols.

Squares represent Males/Men
Circles represent Females/Women
Empty symbols represent healthy/non-affected individuals
Solid black symbols represent sick/affected individuals

In the exposed pedigree, we can see that the mother is affected by the disease (individual number 2), so all her children are also affected (individuals 4, 5, and 6) because the disease is mitochondrially inherited.

Individual 3 is a healthy man, so individual 4 must be an affected woman (Black circle). As she is the one affected, then all her children will also be affected. This couple had one boy and two girls. Individuals 8 and 9 are girls (circle), so individual 10 must be the affected boy (black square).

On the other hand, individual 6 is an affected man (black square), son of individuals 1 and 2. This man couples with a woman, and they have all healthy children. So this woman (individual 7) must be healthy. Even though the man is affected, all their children are not because their mother (7) is not. Remember that sperm cells do not transmit the mitochondrial genes to the progeny.

And finally, individual number 5 might be either a man or a woman. In any case, this person is also affected by Leigh's disease.

5 0

3 years ago

A client has undergone a screening colonoscopy. The doctor removed several polyps that were sent to pathology and identified as

alexandr1967 [171]

Answer:

A polyp is a small clump of cells that form in the colon. Most of the time they are harmless but they could develop to be colon cancer which is the reason the polyp needed to be removed.

Explanation:

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Newsweek in 1989 reported that 60% of young children have blood lead levels that could impair their neurological development. As

Kamila [148]

Answer:

The answer is 83.38%.

Explanation:

The probability of young children having blood levels that impair their neurological development is given as 60% in the question. To find the probability of at least 5 children out of 10 in a sample having said blood levels, we need to use the binomial probability.

n represents the total number of children in the sample so n = 10 and p is the probability of the children having blood levels causing the problem which is 60% so p = 0.6.

We want the probability of it being observed for 5 or more children and that is $P(x\geq 5)$ . If we subtract the $P( x\leq 4)$ from 1, which is the probability of not observing the condition in 5 or more children, we will have the $P(x\geq 5)$ .

$1 - P(x\leq 4) = 1 - pbinom(4, 10, 0.6)$ which are the probability range in the function, the sample size and the probability of observing the condition respectively.

The result is 1 - 0.1662 = 0.8338 which means that the probability that is asked is 83.38%.

I hope this answer helps.

8 0

3 years ago

3. What types of organisms are present in a healthy soil ecosystem?

lora16 [44]

Bacteria, algae, protozoa,

6 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

NEED HELP HEREE :)

Lubov Fominskaja [6]

1.The correct answer is D
Since the time of Linnaeus, the classification of organisms into kingdom has significantly changed. Fungi have been classified as a separate kingdom (they have been classified under plants before) and the development of microscopy has enabled scientist to study microscopic organisms and classify them into the Protista and Monera kingdoms.

2.The correct answer is D
The phylum is one of the highest ranks of classification, right under the rank of kingdom, so it contains a great number of species. For example, the phylum of Arthropoda contains all the insect, spider, crustacean and millipede species.

3.The correct answer is B
Before the methods of genetics and molecular biology research were developed, species were classified only based on their physical appearance. But now, we can determine how closely related species are by their genes as well. This solves the problem of species that have developed convergent traits as a response to similar environments, but that, in fact, are not genetically similar.

4.The correct answer is C
The classification of viruses has always been a difficult question for scientists. Viruses have their own genetic material enclosed in a protein coat, but they can not reproduce on their own since they need the metabolism and the genetic machinery of other cells to survive.

5.The correct answer is D
The two species are definitely members of the Eukarya domain because they have nuclei. All of the other domains, Bacteria, and Archaea lack all organelles including the nuclei. If both of the species produce eggs, they may be members of the animal kingdom.
6. The correct answer is A
Even though both bacteria and archaea are single-celled prokaryotes the differences between them are great. Their cell walls and cell membranes are built from different lipids and the enzymes that have a role in the central dogma differ significantly.

7.the correct answer is B
Sexual reproduction in eukaryotes has a purpose of exchanging the genetic material between two individuals. The process of conjugation in bacteria is very similar to sexual reproduction, but there are no specialized sex cells and the cells do not form haploid cells through meiosis.

8. The correct answer is D
Natural selection has filtered the population of bacteria. Only the individuals resistant to the antibiotic have managed to survive and leave offspring, producing a population of bacteria that is solely consisted of antibiotic-resistant individuals.

9. The correct answer is D
Red algae are autotrophic organisms. This means that they are producers of food, in this case, they can produce sugars trough conversion of sunlight in the chloroplasts. The amoeba must consume other organisms or organic particles to survive, and the only way for it to do it is through the process of endocytosis since they lack mouths.

10. The correct answer is B
Molds are fungi that are dependant on moisture. They are not photosynthetic and they lack flagella, so the most efficient way to eradicate molds would be to dry out the area and the lack of moisture will cause the disappearance of the mold.

4 0

3 years ago

Hi take points.....................​

Hi take points.....................