They were first used as evidence in 1892.
I believe the answer is Shaping.
Shaping is a reinforcement technique which use a reward that given gradually after the subject is showing a certain desired traits.
On parakeets, this could be done by giving them a food reward everytime they move their head closer to the place where we want it to be (closer to your cheek)
Answer:
Voter turnout is not an inherently crucial aspect of democratic culture.
I believe the correct answer is c I'm not sure you might want to double check
