It is knowns Lassez-faire capitalism. This theory argues that when there is no meddling from the government on the people's interests, it will encourage them to pursue their own goals and be more competitive to be financially better off than rest of the members of society, which would ultimately cause an automatic balance in the nation's economy. This theory is associated with those Adam Smith's book "Wealth of Nations".
Chattel (items of property)
I think that they had lost lots of people but most people were poor