I can't read that, if you can type it I could help you
Answer:
a. shorten
Explanation:
Inability or failure for joints to move through their entire range of motion is caused by constrictions. These constrictions often results when the excess adipose tissues that surrounds the muscles and ligaments are not in required adequate proportion. These constrictions can be caused by ageing, fatigue, muscular diseases etc. As a result of these constriction in the joints, let say for example, the knee joint, the muscle and ligaments tends to shorten in length.
Water.....lol. H2O? Water with salt is called salt water so without it is just water lol.
Mutation can cause instant adaptation while natural selection is the process by which adaptation occurs over a series of generations.