Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is related to the positive feedback/reward system of mammal brains. Higher amounts of dopamine released in response to any stimulation will result in a stronger desire to recreate that stimulus. One could say that the extra dopamine released during drug use causes the brain to desire using the drug again to receive that same pleasurable reward sensation. <span />
Amino acids are the monomers of proteins :)
Bacteria cannot survive at low temperatures in refrigerator but fungi can.
Answer:
An important regulation process that connects various parts of a system is feedback.
Explanation:
A reaction inside a biological system—a molecule, tissue, species, or population—that affects the behavior or performance of that system is known as feedback. It essentially involves the regulation of a metabolic pathway by the activity's byproducts.
Both positive and negative feedback is possible. Negative feedback is indeed a component of any feedback mechanism that keeps things in balance. Positive feedback in biology occurs far less frequently. Whenever a change in variable results in a reaction that undoes the original change, this is known as negative feedback. A reaction is generated by a change in a factor when there is positive feedback. For instance, a warm-blooded species like a whale keeps a greater body heat to improve the internal equilibrium and while a cold-blooded animal such as fish retains a lower temperature of the body in accordance with the surrounding environment.
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Vertebrates include all the species of subphylum Vertebrata, that is, chordates with vertebrates. With currently about 66000 species, the vertebrates shows the prodigious majority of the phylum Chordata. Vertebrates comprise of jawed vertebrates, like bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes, and jawless fishes.
A vertebrate refers to a species with a backbone. The majority of the vertebrates exhibit bilateral symmetry. Coelomate animals exhibit a body cavity known as coelom with a complete lining known as peritoneum obtained from mesoderm. The majority of the bilateral animals, like all the vertebrates, are coelomates.
Vertebrates show incremental growth, like the incremental lines in the dentine of teeth. The majority of the animals more composite than jellyfish and other Cnidarians are divided into two classes, that is, the deuterostomes and protostomes. The chordates that include all the vertebrates are deuterostomes.
Thus, bilateral symmetry, coelom, incremental growth, and deuterostome development are the innovations found in vertebrates.
