Question

Essay Prompt:

Answer 1

For the answer to the question above, I don't know if there is a right answer to your question and whoever asked your assignment didn't study history well.
Well my answer to this, the turning point of the war occurred on October 16, 1941. And toward the end of this article, I explain why this date was so crucial, not just to the outcome of the war, but also to the whole course of the 20th century.
Another distinguished American military historian, Professor Geoffrey Wawro of the University of North Texas, agreed with Crane—at least in the context of the Pacific war. And Akira Iriye, a scholar who was born in Japan and later became a professor at Harvard University, also thought that Pearl Harbor was the turning point of the war—in part because the attack on the American fleet turned out to be such a “monumental mistake.”

Another six historians who voted for a turning point that took place on the Volga River in the south of Russia, at a city that bore the name of the Soviet leader—Stalingrad. “It was the decisive defeat of Nazi arms in Russia that finally allowed people to say that this is not an invincible force and it can be overcome, and there is much more answer but I gave some of the most important events that could be the turning point.
So there  are no exact answer to the question above

Answer 2

An example of an historical turning point was the emergence of the Enlighment era, that led to the creation of democratic states.

The Enlighment movement emerged in Europe during the 18th century  and it was constituted by philosophers that promoted Reason and the scientific method over medieval superstition and religious dogmas, and the establishment of democratic societies where the power resided on its people, and not in monarchs or rulers "appointed by God". The resulting states that emerged based on the principles of this movement, enacted bills of civil rights for the first time in history, and implemented principles such as the division of powers or the social contract, through which citizens elected their governors by suffrage.

Such Enlightment principles were transferred to the American colonies, where the population claimed for political representation rather than being governed by foreigners that were appointed by a foreign king. Such claims were ignored and the colonies, influenced by the new democratic principles, started several revolutionary movements for independence aiming to establish new states based on the Enlightment principles such as in Europe.