Many churches experienced a great increase in membership, particularly among Methodist and Baptist churches. The Second Great Awakening made soul-winning the primary function of ministry and stimulated several moral and philanthropic reforms, including temperance and the emancipation of women.
The most commonly held belief of the Social Gospel Movement was the salvation could be attained by helping others. EXPLANATION: The Social Gospel Movement emerged in the 20th century. During this movement, ideas of Christianity were applied to social issues.
The correct answer is the spiritual.
Given that they were taken against their will, African slaves in the nineteenth century had to create something to give them hope and will to survive their terrible lives. Thus, they started singing spiritual songs and turned to religion for help.