Answer:
<u>Option-(True):</u> The methodology used to discover the pattern of evolution among an assemblage of species is based on the assumption of descent with modification.
Explanation:
<u>Evolution and patterns of evolution:</u>
The phenomenon of evolution is very interesting as it can any two different species back to a common origin or ancestors. While the process of evolution does not occur in few years or centuries, as it takes millions of years for any specie to evolve from a less developed form of body or any system to a more complex or advance form.
Now, evolution occurs in many forms or patterns. As it species can originate from a single ancestor or descendant, while the evolution can occur inside the organism may occur in different patterns. These patterns are as follows:
- <u>Divergent Evolution:</u>The divergent evolution occurs when the species originated from a single ancestor or descendant results in different forms of organisms. As it brings diversity among the species belonging to same ancestors or origin. For example, the humans and apes.
- <u>Convergent Evolution: </u>The convergent evolution takes place inside the number of species when they are originated from the different species but they share the same medium or region to live in and share some of the similar resources between them. For example, The whales are mammals but they too live with the fish species inside the water.
- <u>Parallel Evolution:</u>When the evolved organisms or species are related to the different ancestors or descendants, as they share they do not share the same niche(way of life), as the species are unrelated to one another.
<span>The final result of meiosis is haploid daughter cells that have 23 chromosomes each. These haploid daughter cells may act as gametes during sexual reproduction. This includes sperm and oocytes, which can later fuse together to form a zygote.</span>
Answer:
This question lacks options, options are:
A.They maintain the cell’s shape.
B.They regulate cell processes.
C.They protect the body from infectious agents.
D.They signal the immune system to destroy pathogens.
E.They speed up biochemical reactions.
F.They send electrical signals.
The correct answers are C and D.
Explanation:
B cells and T cells use different biological weapons to attack the pathogen. The first secrete proteins called antibodies, which are distributed via the blood or the exposed surfaces to the environment, such as mucous. Antibodies are glycoproteins that circulate in the bloodstream looking for antigens that cause some type of damage to the body. Antibodies recognize and neutralize pathogens in a highly efficient way. Once the antibodies are produced, they remain circulating in the bloodstream for several months, which generates immunity for a long period of time to a certain antigen, in other words, they are capable of recognizing other molecules (antigens) in a very specific way and forming stable complexes with them (immune complexes). Its appearance in plasma is part of the adaptive immune response, in what is known as a specific humoral response, constituting a very effective defense against pathogens.
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Magnetic Striping<span>
</span><span>The confirmation of the theory of plate tectonics relies on key insights and scientific experimentation. One of these is the knowledge of the magnetic properties of ocean crust.</span><span>Early in the 20th century, Bernard Brunhes in France and Motonari Matuyama in Japan recognized that rocks generally belong to two groups based on their magnetic properties. One group known as normal polarity has within its mineral composition a polarity similar to the Earth’s magnetic north. The magnetic properties of the other group, called reversed polarity, is the opposite of the Earth’s present day magnetic field. The reason, tiny grains of magnetite found within the volcanic basalt that make up the ocean floor behave like little magnets. These grains of magnetite can align themselves with orientation of the Earth’s magnetic field. How? As magma cools, it locks in a recording of the Earth’s magnetic orientation or polarity at the time of fooling. </span><span>The Earth’s magnetic field is similar to the field generated by a bar magnet with its north end nearly aligned with the geographic North Pole. Yet the Earth’s field is the result of a more complex, dynamic process: the rotation of the planet’s fluid iron rich core. Scientists have known for centuries that the Earth’s magnetic field is dynamic and evolving. The magnetic field drifts slowly westward at a rate of 0.2 degrees per year. </span><span>However, over tens of thousands of years, this field undergoes far more dramatic changes known as magnetic reversals. During this reversal, south becomes north and north south apparently in a geological blink of an eye – perhaps over a period of a few thousands years. What these reversals recorded were stripes on seafloor maps-- stripes of alternating normal and reversed polarities of ocean crust. These “stripes” formed the pattern known as magnetic striping.</span><span>The ocean floor had a story to tell. That story would unfold in the work of three scientists. In 1962, two British scientists, Frederick Vine and Drummond Mathews, and Canadian geologist Lawrence Morley working independently suspected that this pattern was no accident. They hypothesized that the magnetic striping was produced from the generation of magma at mid-ocean ridges during alternating periods of normal and reversed magnetism by the <span>magnetic reversals </span>of the Earth’s magnetic field. </span>
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