Stores running outf a certain toy in the month of December is an example of shortage - d.
The reason for this is that in December it often hapens that the amount of peple who want to buy things for their children are bigger than the amount of goods that the stores supply themselves with.
Alright, a few are. Those countries are:
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Palestine
Basically, the US wanted access to the Panama Canal, and since the Canal wasn't yet built, it needed to built it. Originally the US made an proposal (which wasn't yet questionable), but Columbia (at the time Panama was part of Colombia) wasn't comfortable with the proposal, and the US decided to enforce their plan in other ways, so that they still gain access to the canal.
It was the competition between Thomas Jefferson, and Aaron Burr.
Jefferson wanted the people to have all the power. As for Burr, he was
very much like Hamilton, in fact, they were very close friends in life
too, but mostly due to the fact that they agreed in political parties
which caused no conflicts. Hamilton's belief was that all the power
belonged to the government, and the world should be made of business.
Both people believed this was the way to a utopian society and this was
going to make the country in succes.
Hope this helps somewhat ;-;