World War I or the First World War, often abbreviated as WWI or WW1, was a major global conflict that began on 28 July 1914 and ended on 11 November 1918. Referred to by contemporaries as the "Great War", its belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting taking place across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and parts of Asia. New technology, including the recent invention of the airplane, trench warfare, and especially chemical weapons made it one of the deadliest conflicts in history.
An estimated 9 million soldiers died in combat, with another 5 million civilian deaths as a result of military actions, hunger and disease.[2] Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war.[3][4]
By 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente, comprising France, Russia, and Britain, and the Triple Alliance, containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on 28 July, Russia went on the defensive, and on 4 August an alliance of Germany, France, and Great Britain moved with their colonies, but Italy remained neutral. hold. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire, Germany, and Austria-Hungary formed the Central Powers, and in April 1915, Italy joined Britain, France, Russia,and Serbia as an ally in World War I.
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