Answer:
<h2>G-A mutation is a point mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide, it is an example of Transition mutation (a base substitutions that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine.</h2>
Explanation:
1. Defective Mitochondrial Gene Expression Results in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).
2. Elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased oxidative stress, results in defects in proper functioning of cell by causing mutation in the DNA and mitochondrial genes.
3. If the mutation is silent mutation, then there is no harm or less harm in the cell, if the mutation is missense or nonsense type then it can affect the functioning of the cell and phenotype of that organism.
4. If their is mutation in mitochondrial tRNA gene, it can affect the translation of mitochondrial mRNA and gene expression.
If my memory recalls correctly. Its because of the nature of phospholipids and their double membrane layer. It basically "keeps" all the water from escaping, due to the double bilayer
Answer: evaporation, sublimation, and condensation
Explanation: Energy is required to change from solid to liquid, liquid to gas (evaporation), or solid to gas sublimation Heat is taken from your skin to evaporate the water on your body. Evaporation is a cooling process. Latent heat of condensation is energy released when water vapor condenses to form liquid droplets.
Answer:
The type of mutation responsible for changing a base in the mRNA strand, without changing the coding aminoacid or protein, is called a <u>silent</u> mutation.
Explanation:
In a silent mutation occurs the change of a nitrogenous base in one of the codons that encodes an aminoacid, without changing the aminoacid or altering the structure or function of the protein to be synthesized.
In this type of mutations the change of the base does not mean the change of the aminoacid, because some aminoacids can be coded with more than one codon. In the case of Leucine, the codons that encode it are CUU, CUC, CUG or CUA, so even if a base changes, the final protein will be the correct one.
For the other options:
- <u><em>Missense</em></u><em>: the change of the base in the DNA chain implies the change of the codon in the mRNA and of the encoded aminoacid, in that way a structural and functional alteration of the synthesized protein occurs. </em>
- <u><em>Nonsense</em></u><em>: the change in the nitrogenous base in the DNA leads to the coding of a termination codon, so that the protein is ultimately incomplete.</em>
- <u><em>Insertion</em></u><em>: in this case there is the addition of more nitrogenous bases to the DNA chain, with respect to the original one.</em>
