Answer:
Explanation:
Action potential
It is the potential or power or electrical energy required to generate impulses and provides communication between the neurons is called action potential. Normally cell membrane consists of potential is called resting membrane potential() -70mV. The action potential is due to exchange of different ions across the membrane.
Phases of the action potential in a neuron are
i. Depolarization- it is caused by the influx of sodium and calcium ions through the opening of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. sodium ion influx is rapid than the calcium ions membrane potential -70mV to +30mV.
ii. Repolarization - It causes the efflux of potassium ions into the cell through the opening of potassium channels. the membrane returning to resting membrane potential.
iii. After- Hyper polarization - in this stage the potassium channels remain open and causes re polarization and comes to normal membrane potential.
The generation of impulses(depolarization) in neuron mainly depends on influx sodium and calcium ions without these ions, no action potential developed and neuron firing does not occur.
If the drugs inhibit these channels, no depolarization, no action potential, no neuronal firing or communication.
The channels involved in an action potential are voltage-gated sodium channels, potassium channels, and calcium channels.
The action potential is required for transmission of information one are to another area in the body.
The responses to different stimuli is due to action potential.
District courts, circuit courts, and the supreme court. District courts are the local trial courts. Circuit courts are the court you go to when you appeal. Finally the supreme court is the final level of appealing.
A(n) group is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact.
A group consists of individuals who regularly and consciously interact with each other and typically share similar values, norms, and expectations. after we belong to a bunch we hand over to others a minimum of some control over our lives.
Variety of people assembled together or having some unifying relationship a study group. An assemblage of objects thought to be a unit one in all the food groups.
A group is typically stated a group of humans who share certain characteristics, interact with each other, accept expectations and obligations as members of the group, and share a typical identity.
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