Answer:
D) In case 1, both PS I and PS II completely lose function; in case 2, a proton gradient is still produced.
Explanation:
The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, which produces the ATP and NADPH needed in the light independent stage of the process, includes complexes of proteins and pigments called PHOTOSYSTEMS. These photosystems (I and II) are key to the functionality of the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid.
The major pigment present in both photosystems is CHLOROPHYLL A, which absorbs light energy and transfers electrons to the reaction center. Chlorophyll B is only an accessory pigment meaning it can be done without. Hence, if all of the chlorophyll A is inactivated in the algae but leaves chlorophyll B intact as in case 1, both PS I and PS II will lose their function because Chlorophyll A is the major pigment that absorbs light energy in both photosystems.
In case 2, if PS I is inhibited and PS II is unaffected, a PROTON GRADIENT WILL STILL BE PRODUCED because the splitting of water into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) occurs in PSII. Hence, H+ ions can still be pumped into the inner membrane of the thylakoid in order to build a proton gradient even without the occurrence of PS I.
<span><em>Whether living or non living:</em>
<em>When you put a sample of tissue under a microscope, if u can see a cell membrane, and can identify some cell structures like nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles etc. , it was living, if not, its a non living thing.</em></span>
<span><em>However some cells don't have a nucleus( eg. prokaryotic cells), but all cells have a cell membrane or some sort of protective covering to contain the cell's insides. </em></span>
<span><em>To check if your specimen maybe-once living, maybe-still living "something", is living, get a look at it through an electron microscope - thats the best microscope ever- and see if the mitochondria's making any ATP( adenosine triphosphate, source of energy for most organisms), if it does, its living. If not, no</em></span><em>n living. :)</em>
Genetically modified foods are foods that have been engineered (changed/altered) to produce from the original food to have a change in DNA using genetic engineering. For example cotton candy grapes, there isn’t such thing as a real cotton candy grape, the flavor of the grape been modified to taste like cotton candy.
Answer:
most forms of cancer are caused by somatic mutations
Explanation:
<span>Aldohexose is the common name</span>
