Few populations recover rapidly most exhibit little or no change in abundance up to 15 years after a collapse. Reductions in fishing pressure,are often insufficient. Persistence and recovery are also influenced by life history, habitat alteration, changes to species assemblages, genetic responses to exploitation, and reductions in population growth attributable to the Allee effect. Potentially permanent influences on species interactions, food web structure, and trophic dynamics are most dramatically reflected by staggering declines in the abundance of marine fishes.
The seahorse is an unusual example of a <u>Hippocampus </u><span>species because the male incubates the eggs in a pouch before giving birth to fully formed live offspring. Seahorses belong to the phylum of chordates, and species called Hippocampus. </span>
