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strojnjashka [21]
3 years ago
14

A student researching a new discovery about the activity of mitochondria could find the most current and reliable information in

a
Biology
1 answer:
steposvetlana [31]3 years ago
7 0
<span>A student researching a new discovery about the activity of mitochondria could find the most current and reliable information in a Scientific Journal. This kind of materials provides the latest trends and updates on scientific researches in biological-related fields. They can be found almost always online and a person can subscribe to such materials in case editing is done by the publisher or the author.</span>
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What were the old models of the solar system?
Jobisdone [24]

the models of the solar system were the couple of planets and a very big star. AKA the sun

6 0
3 years ago
Which of these protein functions suggest that most enzymes are proteins?
Alik [6]

The answer is B (speed up chemical reactions).

4 0
3 years ago
Describe the probable effects on gene expression in the lac operon of each mutation: a. Mutation in the lac operator that delete
Stella [2.4K]

Answer:

a. Reduces represor binding.

b. Constitutive expression of the operon.

c. Stronger promoter if it is more similar to the consensus sequence. Weaker promoter if less similar.

Explanation:

The lac operon is an operon required for lactose transport and metabolism in enteric bacteria such as <em>Escherichia coli</em>. <u>It is regulated by glucose and lactose availability</u> and consists of the following structural genes:

  • Lac z gene: encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose.
  • Gene lac y: encodes the protein galactoside permease involved in the transport of lactose into the bacterium.
  • Lac a gene: encodes the enzyme thiogalactoside transferase, which catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A to 6-OH of a thiogalactoside acceptor. This gene is not related to lactose metabolism.
  • Promoter: region of DNA recognized by RNA polymerase for transcription.
  • Operator: region of DNA located between the promoter and the beginning of the structural genes, which is recognized by the repressor protein Lac I.
  • Repressor gene (lac I): encodes the Lac I repressor protein, which recognizes the operator region, where it binds. It prevents the transcription of genes under the control of this promoter but stimulates the binding of RNA polymerase. When the repressor is absent (in the presence of inducer which in this case will be lactose or IPTG), RNA polymerase will begin transcription.

The lac operon is under a type of negative regulation, where genes can always be transcribed, except when the Lac I repressor protein is bound to the operon region, for which it has a high affinity. In this case, the promoter of the lac I gene is constitutive, so the Lac I protein is permanently expressed and remains bound in tetramer form to the operon region, preventing the transcription of structural genes.

Since lactose is the inducer of the operon, it is able to bind to the Lac I repressor protein and generate a conformational change that decreases its affinity for the operon region. Thus, the operon region is left free, <u>RNA polymerase can freely transcribe the structural genes and β-galactosidase can degrade lactose to glucose plus galactose</u>. <u>In the absence of lactose, the Lac I repressor protein maintains its high affinity for the operator region, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes</u>. In this way, the system remains closed with consequent energy savings for the bacterium.

As a final clarification, actually the true inducing molecule of the lac operon is called allolactose, an isomer of lactose obtained by a transglycosylation occasionally carried out by β-galactosidase.

a. When there is a mutation in the lac operator that deletes most of the operator, then the repressor Lac I can no longer bind and RNA polymerase will begin transcription.

b. When there is a mutation in the Lac I gene that eliminates the binding of repressor to operator, then this protein can not produce the repression so there would be a constitutive expression of the operon.

c. Since the promoter us a region of DNA recognized by RNA polymerase for transcription, if there is a mutation here it will generate a stronger promoter in the case that this part is similar to a consensus sequence (the most commonly encountered nucleotides found at a certain location). In the case that it is less similar, then it will generate a weaker promoter.

7 0
2 years ago
1)In your own words explain what air pollution is
Anna11 [10]

Explanation:

Question 1

Air pollution is the introduction of harmful gases and substances into the atmosphere that renders it unfit for use for life. Some of these toxic gases and particulates are:

  • Carbon monoxide
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Nitrogen oxides
  • Smoke
  • Dust particles
  • Soot

Question 2

Natural forms are the original nature or outlook of a substance. Examples of natural forms are:

  • Flowers
  • Leaves
  • Animals
  • Rocks
  • Shells
  • Corals

Question 3

Anthropogenic cause of pollution are human causes of pollution. Some of these are:

  • Combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines release harmful and toxic gases into the atmosphere and causes hair pollution.
  • Improper disposal of waste can produce effluent that reaches the ground water system and other fresh water sources.
  • Noise pollution from airports is very harmful to ear.
  • Mining activities degrades soil and removes rich fertile soils that should be used for agriculture.
  • Mining wastes can lead to contamination of water bodies around.

Question 4

Fossil fuels are fuel types that forms from natural process in which organisms are decomposed anaerobically to preserve their energy components. Some of these fuels are:

  • Coal
  • Crude oil
  • Natural gas

Question 5

  • Heart diseases ; ischaemic heart diseases can lead to failure of the heart when it does not receive enough oxygen from the environment. Air pollution contaminates available oxygen in the atmosphere and this is very dangerous to life.
  • Lung cancer: poor air quality can lead to the development of cancerous tumor in the lungs.
  • Asthma: air pollution is one of the leading cause of asthma.

Other notable mentions are bronchitis, pulmonary diseases, stroke

Question 6

_7 million____ people die each year from air pollution according to the world health organization

Question 7

Air Quality Index(AQI) is an indicator used to express the quality of air in particular area. The AQI can tell the present air quality condition. It can also be used to forecast future air quality in years to come.

It shows how clean and polluted the air is.

Question 8

The air quality index uses different colors to alert people about the quality of air. Each color represents different health implication of air quality:

     Attached image shows the different colors used to alert people of about the air quality.

Question 9

  • About 7 million people die annually as a result of air pollution
  • Beijing cough is new disease that emanates from the rising air pollution in Beijing
  • Asia has the fastest rising cases of air pollution problems.
  • The best way to reduce air pollution is by riding bicycles and walking more.

Learn more:

Air pollution brainly.com/question/10743354

#learnwithBrainly

3 0
3 years ago
(30 points) {brainliest} PLEASE HELP &lt;3
denis-greek [22]

Answer:

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4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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