Answer:
The correct answer is D) integral membrane proteins.
Explanation:
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Ionic channels consist of oligomeric transmembrane integral proteins (formed by the assembly of several subunits). Said proteins act as gate channels that allow the passage of certain ions eg. calcium, sodium, potassium, etc.
A population decrease in primary producers would affect the ecosystem negatively because everyone who ate the primary consumers would have a lack of food.
Sponge ? i may be wrong though
