Glacial ice can transport rocks as big as a house. It has very high transport competence and moves very slowly across a very large distance.
The maximum size of particles that a stream can transport is defined as stream competence. This is a concept under hydrology. Streams depending on its velocity can carry sand, mud, silt and cobble along with the dissolved and suspended load.
The process by which Ocean waves transport sediments, large pebbles and boulders is referred to as Coastal Transportation. During Coastal transportation, large pebbles and boulders are rolled along the seabottom, while beach material is bounced along the seabed.
The type of rock can tell you if the land was formed by layers of sediment, lava, etc. Fossils can show how old they are and therefore how old the land around it is
