Government subsidies ,lead to lower productivity because of lack of incentives. Government subsidy are money paid by the government to help an organization or industry to reduce its cost of its product. The subsidies shift supply curve to the right due to lower price . When government subsidies firm it reduces incentives for firm to cut costs.
I believe the answer is Government subsidies. A subsidy is the form of cash payment or a tax reduction. It is normally given to remove some type of burden, and it is often considered to be in the overall interest of the public, given to promote a social good or economic policy. Tax subsidy; the government can create the same outcome through selective tax breaks as through cash payment. For example, suppose a government sends monetary assistance that reimburses 15% of all health expenditures to a group that is paying 15% income tax. Tax subsidies are also known as tax expenditures.
Lydia is re-analysing already collected data by other researchers, which is referred to as secondary analysis method.
Secondary analysis is the re-analysis of either qualitative or quantitative data already collected in a previous study, by a different researcher normally wishing to address a new research question.
They replace the lost ions by active uptake through active transport
of ions from the surrounding waters. This is exhibited in freshwater fishes that
actively take in these ions through the gills. Most of the ions involved in osmoregulation in freshwater are those of Na+ and Cl-.
