D. Mercantilism
The theory that the more money being put out, the richer and more powerful the nation.
I’d say some countries had an easier time with shifting independence because of who was at the helm of there leadership and what advantages they were given weather it comes to land, trade or power overall. In Africa it would’ve been much harder to obtain political stability for new countries because of the colonization that had hurt many African countries and had made them give up many young people and loose many smart individual minds that could lead there country. It honestly depends on the circumstances that many leaders were put into mamut leaders from impoverished nations couldn’t really control what they were given and couldn’t do much with what to fix because of the amount that was taken from them, while leaders in rich countries would be able to have more control and power to work with so the more resources you have the more the leader can actually begin to do activities that can either help or hurt there country depending on what there type of government is.
The North had geographic benefits, too. It included more ranches than the South to deliver meals for armies. Its land contained most of the nation's iron, coal, copper, and gold. The North ruled the seas, and its 21,000 miles of railway track let armies and supplies be cheered wherever they were required.
I'm almost certain it was smith