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OLga [1]
2 years ago
12

Differential Equations - Reduction of order

Mathematics
1 answer:
iren [92.7K]2 years ago
6 0
With reduction of order, we assume a solution of the form y_2=zy_1=ze^{2x}, with z=z(x). Then

{y_2}'=(z'+2z)e^{2x}
{y_2}''=(z''+4z'+4z)e^{2x}

and substituting into the ODE gives

x(z''+4z'+4z)e^{2x}-(2x+1)(z'+2z)e^{2x}+2ze^{2x}=0
x(z''+4z'+4z)-(2x+1)(z'+2z)+2z=0
xz''+(2x-1)z'=0

Let \xi(x)=z'(x), so that \xi'=z''. This gives the linear ODE

x\xi'+(2x-1)\xi=0

This equation is also separable, so you can write

\dfrac{\xi'}{\xi}=\dfrac{1-2x}x

Integrating both sides with respect to x gives

\ln|\xi|=-2x+\ln x+C_1
\xi=C_1xe^{-2x}

Next, solve z'=\xi for z by integrating both sides again with respect to x.

z'=\xi
\implies z=\displaystyle\int C_1xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm dx
\implies z=C_1e^{-2x}(2x+1)+C_2

And finally, solve for y_2.

y_2=zy_1=C_1(2x+1)+C_2e^{2x}

and note that y_1 is already taken into account as part of y_2, so this is the general solution to the ODE.
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