C.The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins
Answer:
adhesion molecules
Explanation:
Cells of multicellular organisms are organized into tissues and organs. This arrangement depends largely on your ability to adhere well to the extracellular matrix or other cells. In animal tissues, adhesion is carried out by means of the so-called adhesion proteins, which are anchored to the plasma membrane. These proteins have enabled the formation of animal bodies, all of them multicellular. In fact, the adhesion molecules of the various groups of animals, including marine sponges, are very similar to each other. <u>The adhesion not only serves to anchor and position the cells to form three-dimensional scaffolds, but also as a form of cellular communication that is to say allows the interaction between the cell and its matrix</u>. That is, the degree of adhesion and to whom the cells adhere is a type of useful information for the cell.
Adhesion also helps cells move through tissue or between tissues. Keep in mind that cells do not travel by swimming but by crawling. Therefore, to move the cells they need to first lose the adhesion that keeps them fixed and then expose other molecules that allow to create anchor points and drag the cytoplasm in the direction of movement. It is interesting that in some circumstances, such as during embryonic development, cells move in groups in a coordinated manner, for which cell-cell adhesions are necessary.
Adhesion proteins are arranged on the cell surface, being able to diffuse laterally through the membrane. When they bind to an extracellular molecule they are anchored. Individually, the force with which they adhere is not very great but since they are many molecules they generate a strong adhesion acting as a Velcro. Some of the adhesion molecules can interact laterally with each other, and with other proteins, to form groups that increase adhesion strength at certain points on the cell surface forming focal junctions and binding complexes.
1.Frost Wedging (Freeze-Thaw)
Water expands by 9 percent when it freezes. As it expands, it exerts up to 4.3 million pounds per square foot of pressure. Since water seeks low points, repeated freezing and thawing can lead to deep vertical fissures as cracks are extended downward. Cracks that allow entry of roots lead to similar wedging.
2.Crystal Formation
Crystal formation cracks rock in a similar way. Most water contains dissolved salts. When water in rock fissures evaporate, the salt concentration increases, which leads to crystallization. This occurs in arid regions where the humidity fluctuates widely, so that the salt can be redissolved and carried into new fissures.
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Answer:
"In the 1960's, the purple sea star was one of the first species recognized as a keystone. Its presence keeps tide pools in balance and prevents mussels from taking over the ecosystem."Explanation:
