Large dose of folate increase the symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency . the vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to permanent damage of the spinal cord nerves and brain.
It can cause severe birth defects which is called neural tube defects. this defects include spinal, pifida . folate deficiency can also increase your chance of placental abrupt ion is a condition in which placental separate from uterus.
High dose of folate typically be remedied by taking supplement of both folic acid and vitamin B12. vitamin B12 works closely with vitamin B9 also called folic and folate acid which is help to make red blood cells and iron work better in our body.
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Answer: First line of defense, the cells of the innate recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic and fast way and does not confer long-term or protective immunity. Recruitment of immune cells to the sites of infection and inflammation and activation of the complement system cascade.
Explanation:
Innate immunity is a defense system that you were born with and that protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity consists of barriers that prevent harmful materials from entering the body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response. There are also <u>phagocytic cells</u> of the immune system which include: <u>macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells</u>. The membrane receptors of those cells allow it to act on the recognition of danger signals and they are of the type TLR and PRR. These are Antigen Presenting cells which process the pathogens and display their antigens on their surface and takes it to B lymphocytes for the production of antibodies, which is part of the adaptive immune system.
<u>This means that the cells of the innate recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic and fast way</u> and, unlike the adaptive immune response, <u>does not confer long-term or protective immunity to the host.</u>
So, the main functions of the innate immune response include:
- Recruitment of immune cells to the sites of infection and inflammation, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines.
- Activation of the complement system cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells and promote clearance of dead cells or antibody complexes.
- The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, blood and lymph, by leukocytes.
- The activation of the adaptive immune response through a process known as antigen presentation.
- Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection or irritation. It is stimulated by the release of chemical factors and serves to establish a physical barrier against the spread of infection, and to promote the recovery of some damaged tissue following clearance from pathogens. Chemical factors produced during inflammation (histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, leukotrienes) sensitize pain receptors, cause vasodilation of blood vessels at the scene, and attract phagocytes, especially neutrophils.
Answer:
a.They evade the normal controls that trigger programmed cell death.
Explanation:
Cancer cells are cells in the body that grow abnormal and uncontrollably. Continuous growth cancer cells results in the development of tumor as well as the ability to invade neighboring tissues.
Unlike normal cells that are controlled (reproduce only when needed) and are more specialized with specific functions, cancer cells are less specialized compared to normal cells and grow abnormally and rapidly. Cancers cells grow out of control, as they evade the normal control and ignore signals that activate apoptosis or programmed cell death which is used by the body system to destroy unwanted cells.
Answer:
your arteries that are connected to your lungs are also connected to your heart and then you need to be in the vena cava which are connected to your heart as well so you need the veins
