bacteria in food can be killed by many means such as:
a) Pickling. for example food is pickled as bacteria cannot live in very acidic conditions.
b) Boiling. boiling water or liquids can help kill bacteria present in them.
c) Using preservatives can also help
d) Immersing food in salt or sugar solutions is also an other way
This is most likely the result of OXIDATION. When an apple is cut open, the cells of the apple are exposed to the atmosphere, the in built defense mechanism inside the apple that is supervised by certain enzymes react to this situation by reacting with oxygen and creating an oxidized brown layer which protects the apple from foreign bodies.
Answer:E. Down-regulation
Explanation:Cells typically up or down regulate depending on the concentration of a hormone levels. When there is a excessive concentration of a hormone in the blood stream, the cell decreases the number of receptors reducing the interaction with that hormone, Also, when there is excessive hormone reduction, the target cells activate to increase their number of receptors.
Down regulation occurs by the the deactivating or degrading of target cells to reduce the number of receptors due to their sensitivity to a particular excess hormone.
After a steroid hormone binds to its intracellular receptor, transcription of specific genes occurs. The activated receptor moves into the nucleus and binds to DNA
<h3>What is steroid hormone and intracellular receptor ?</h3>
Target cells have steroid hormone receptors in their nuclei, cytoplasm, and plasma membranes. They are typically intracellular receptors (often cytoplasmic or nuclear) that start the signalling processes for steroid hormones, which modify the expression of genes over the course of hours to days.
- By attaching to intracellular receptors, steroid hormones control cellular functions by changing the expression of specific nucleotide sequences. Since the majority of steroid receptors in target cells reside in the cytoplasm, they must enter the nucleus to change gene expression.
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GENETIC VARIATION IS CREATED WITHIN A POPULATION
