The first 3 articles of the Constitution establish the 3 branches of government with specific powers. Executive (headed by the president), Legislative (Congress), and Judicial (Supreme Court)
Article 1 - created the Legislative branch
Article 2 - created the Executive branch
Article 3 - created the Judicial branch
The Federalists felt that this addition wasn't necessary, because they believed that the Constitution as it stood only limited the government not the people. The Anti- Federalists claimed the Constitution gave the central government too much power, and without a Bill of Rights the people would be at risk of oppression.
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The mandate of heaven is the thing that Chinese emperors claim was given to them by their deities. A ruler earns it from the previous emperor when he retires, or when he dies. It could be lost when another dynasty takes over and takes the mandate of heaven.
The Dome of the Rock is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.
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