Answer:
If there is low genetic diversity, she needs to introduce something into the system to increase the variation. I would suggest breeding the orange trees with other new orange trees to change the allele frequencies, which is called gene flow.
Likely the fungi are attacking them somewhere that they have decreased resistance, and if more alleles were introduced, there would probably be evolution towards a genotype that promotes defense against these fungi.
The statement 'cell death normally does not occur unless there has been an injury to the cell' is false.
A cell can be described as the basic building block of life. All living organisms are known to be made of cells.
There are various reasons that a cell might die. A cell might die when its function is over. A cell might also die for the formation of other structures in the body. For example, the formation of an outer layer of the skin requires dead cells. A cell might kill itself if it has no use or finds that it has been invaded by an antigen.
Hence, the statement that cell death occurs only due to injury is false as cell death can occur due to various other reasons.
To learn more about cell death, click here:
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In mid-ocean ridge areas, ocean water is cycled through the crust because of the high heat flow in the area. Water in the rock is heated over the magmas, rising up and drawing in cold water from the sides. This process is occurring all over the world, and is the primary means for maintaining ocean salinity in a relatively constant range over the long term, as elements in the sea water when it is heated react with the rocks. There is so much water flow, cumulatively over the entire world, that this process basically buffers ocean chemistry.
Obviously large increases or decreases in salinity can and do occur in isolated basins that do not have free exchange with the open oceans.
