i think the correct answer is B considering that the channels are not always open for the protons to freely diffuse through the inner membrane.
1. Explain why neither cyclins nor kinases alone can cause a cell to progress through the cell cycle.
As cyclin accumulates, it activates their kinases that turn on the pathway to mitotic spindle formation, and so on.
2. How do controls of the cell cycle protect multi-cellular organisms from accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells?
The checkpoint control is responsible for multi-cellular organisms for not accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells. Checkpoint controls consist of proteins that detect mistakes and damage and quickly halt the cell cycle until repairs are made. When this occurs, the cell is said to be in cell-cycle <span>arrest.
</span>3. What is the difference between a cancerous tumor and metastasis?
Cancer is cause by mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can lead to uncontrolled growth. Cancer is when there is uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction. Metastasis is caused by tumors when they grow and interfere with the surrounding tissue or cells and break off and spread around the body. Cancerous tumors cause metastasis, and tumors are caused by mutations in genes that lead to uncontrolled growth.
4. What are the functions of tumor-suppressor genes and protoncogenes in noncancerous cells?
The genes that encode the checkpoint proteins are called tumor suppressors because they suppress the development of cells into tumors. If mutations inactivate these genes, the cell-cycle break is removed with or without a signal from the outside. Proto-oncogene’s are involved in promoting cell division, mutations can cause them to become oncogenes, or cancer genes which stimulate cells to leave G0 and divide whether or not it is a signal.
Answer:
The hyoid bone
Explanation:
The hyoid bone is the only bone in humans that does not articulate with any other bone, but only has muscular, ligamentous, and cartilaginous attachments
Answer:
Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection to explain the process of evolution. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, all organisms have the potential to reproduce limitlessly irrespective of the fact that each species maintain a constant density over time. However, the struggle for existence, i.e. the competition among individuals for available resources to survive and reproduce, put a check on species density (D) and maintains it at a constant level (B). Survival of fittest is unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce based on suitability of their inherited characters to prevailing environmental conditions (A). It imparts the reproductive advantage to certain organisms which account for major part of the gene pool of the species. Thus, natural selection favors the individual with survival and/or reproductive advantage over others under existing environmental condition (E). Thus, the correct answer is option C.
