The answer is (b.) ecosystem. An ecosystem is all living organism in an area functioning together with nonliving factors of the environment. An Ecosystem is a community of the living organism that includes the producers, the consumers, and the decomposers.
Benefits of living on land: Sunlight is brighter, since it doesn't have to go through water first. More carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than in the ocean. Mineral nutrients are plentiful in the soil.
Well I think in production of gamete male the produced gamete will have identical genetical characters of the queen be, but in meiosis genetic variation occur due to crossing over
