The correct answer is- E) substrate-level phosphorylation
Explanation:
In substrate-level phoshorylation ATP is produced by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP by a phosphorylated intermediate formed during the reaction not from any inorganic molecule like in the case of oxidative phosphorylation.
In glycolysis 4 ATP are generated through substrate-level phosphorylation. For example when 1,3 phosphoglycerate converts into 3 phosphoglycerates and when phosphoenol pyruvate converts into pyruvate ATP is produced through substrate level phosphorylation. Therefore the correct answer is E.
The process of muscle contraction requires several steps.
The most famous theory on how the contraction and relaxation of muscles take place is the sliding filament theory.
However, this theory has been refined and one important addition to it is the mechanism by which myosin can pull actin and cause shortening of the sarcomere.
For the movement of myosin, it binds and releases actin and forms cross bridges.
Myosin is subdivided into two regions - S1 and S2. The contraction of the S1 region is what constitutes the power stroke.
An important requirement of the power stroke is the hydrolysis of ATP to release an inorganic phosphate which provides energy for the process.
Protozoa have been classified into three trophic categories: the photoautotrophs which harness the sun's radiant energy in the process of photosynthesis; the photoheterotrophs, which although phototrophic in energy requirements, are unable to use carbon dioxide for cell synthesis and must have organic carbon compounds
With only one exception (the hyoid<span> bone in the throat), every bone in the human body meets up with at least one other bone at junctions called joints.</span>
