The correct answer is D.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was one of the main phisolophers of the Enlightment ideas which spread in Europe and triggered upraisings against absolut monarchies and the old feudal regimes. The most famous of them all was, of course, the French Revolution in 1789.
In his book, <em>The Social Contract, h</em>e appointed the importance of developing governments whose powers were granted from the will of their subjects, from all the citizens under its ruling, through suffrage. These ideas were clearly in opposition with the absolut monarchies that ruled most European countries at those times. Kings had all the power on their hands and had received it from God. This latter idea sharply contrast with the Enlighment phisolophy, opposite to dogmas and superstitions and that was claiming for the devopment of <em>reason</em> and of the scientific method.
This is why Rosseau would claim for a different type of government in Mordor, without an authoritarian king and that, in turn, citizens should be given a say.
