I assume
has counterclockwise orientation when viewed from above.
By Stokes' theorem,

so we first compute the curl:


Then parameterize
by

where the
-component is obtained from

with
and
.
Take the normal vector to
to be

Then the line integral is equal in value to the surface integral,



Answer:
x = -1
Step-by-step explanation:
Given: 
Solve for x, When: 
Step by step:





Answer:
Sirius will be 20 years old and his father will be 40 years old. ratio form: 20:40
Step-by-step explanation:
hope this helps
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
+(+) Two like signs become a positive sign 3+(+2) = 3 + 2 = 5
−(−) 6−(−3) = 6 + 3 = 9
+(−) Two unlike signs become a negative sign 7+(−2) = 7 − 2 = 5
−(+) 8−(+2) = 8 − 2 = 6