Answer:
Confounding variable
Explanation:
The confounding variable is the variable that is extra in variables. It is not counted by the experimenter in the research experiment. With the help of confounding variables, it can be explained that it is cor-relational but in actual it is not there. This variable introduces the bias ness in the experiment.
confounding variable is the variable that affects the variable hidden on its outcome. But technically if we see confounding is not a true bias. Bias occurs when there is an occurrence of an error in data collection. In confounding variable there is positive bias occur when an association of bias is away from null and negative bias occur when it is associated with null.
What's the question you're trying to ask?
Its called <em>organic solidarity</em>.
Y= -3/7 - 1/7
Subtract the numerators only (top #)
Y= (-3-1)/7
Y= (-3+ -1)/7
Y= -4/7
Hope this helps! :)