I believe that the perpendicular equation would be the opposite sign and the reciprocal of the original slope. Then you just plug in the x and y coordinate to y=mx+b and solve for b.
y=4x+b
3=4(-4)+b
3=-16+b
b=19
y=4x+19
If you're referring to streams/rivers of water that run independently of another source in the ocean these are referred to as "currents" and can be very powerful depending on their location.
Answer: A and E
Explanation: I did the USA testprep